How does America reverse years of racist housing policies? – Center for Public Integrity

... the most powerful policy that the federal government followed was a refusal to issue mortgages to African Americans in predominantly white neighborhoods, which was not redlining, but that term is now broadly used. … The federal government created all-white suburbs around every metropolitan area. The Federal Housing Administration and Veterans administrations refused to issue mortgages to African Americans in those suburbs and refused to guarantee bank loans for developers who might create the suburbs...
https://publicintegrity.org/inside-publici/newsletters/the-moment/how-does-america-reverse-years-of-racist-housing-policies-redlining/